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Nucleic Acids:- ucleic acids are the information molecules of cells. The most famous  nucleic acid is undoubtedly deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA .   DNA contains genetic code, all the messages that determine traits. Another type of nucleic acids, ribonucleic acid, or RNA is less well known but also important to cells. Nucleic Acid Definition: Nucleic acids are essential large biological molecules for all forms of life. The nucleic acids include the DNA and the RNA. They are the hereditary determinants of living organisms. They are present in most living cells either in free state or bound to proteins as nucleoproteins. The nucleic acids are biopolymers with mononucleotides and their repeating units. The monomers are know as nucleotides, they are made up of three units: a sugar, an amine and phosphate group. History: In 1869, Friedrich Miescher isolated nuclei from pus cell and found that they conatined phosphate-rich substance,he named is nuclein.  In 1899,A...

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance       Spectroscopy  Definition of NMR:- Nuclear magnetic resonance is defined as a condition when the frequency of the rotating magnetic field becomes equal to the frequency of the processing nucleus.     If ratio frequency energy and a, magnetic field  are simultaneously applied to the nucleus, a  condition as given by the equation  v=γH0/2π is met. The system at this condition is said to be in resonance  [ v= frequency,  γ= proportionalitt constant and   H0=  magnetic field]. Theory of NMR:- The hydrogen nucleus or protons can be regarded as a spinning postively charged unit and so it will generate a tiny magnetic field HO along its spinning axis. Now if this nucleus is placed in an external magnetic field HO, it will naturally line up either parallel.  (1) Relaxation Process- Relaxation processes are defined as different types of radiation-less transitions by which a nucle...

Drugs:       Drugs are the chemicals of low molecular masses which interact with macromolecular target and produce a biological responce. Medicines:      Medicines are the drug which are therapeutic and used for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. Classes of Drugs:-  1. Antiseptics-    Dettol, Savlon, Cetavelon, Acriflavin, Iodine, Methylene blue, Mercurochrome, Furacine, Soframicine.     * Dettol is a mixture of chloroxylenol & terpineol. 2. Disinfectants-     1% of solution of phenol in disinfectant while 0.2% solution of phenol is antiseptic. 3.Analgesics-      (a) Narcotics- Morphine, Codeine,                                        Heroin.      (b) Non-narcotics- Aspirin, Novalgin,                      ...