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Carbohydrates and it's Classification

  CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates:-        Carbohydrates are primarily produced by plants and form a very large group of naturally occurring organic compounds. Some common examples are cane sugar, glucose, starch, etc. Most of them have a general formulae, ( C x (H 2 O) y ) and were considered as hydrates of carbon from where the name carbohydrate was derived.                Chemically, the carbohydrate may be defined as "Optically active polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketones or the compound which produce such units on hydrolysis". Some of the carbohydrates, which are sweet in taste, are so called sugars. The most common sugar, used in our homes is named as sucrose whereas the sugar present in milk is known as lactose. Classification of Carbohydrates:- (A).Monosaccharides:            A carbohydrate that can't be hydrolysed furt...

Dipole moments & its Application:-

Dipole moments & its Application:- Dipole moments: Molecules  having two equal and opposite charges separated by certain distance are set to prossess and electric dipole. In  the case of such polar molecules, the centre of negative charge does not coincide with the centre of positive charge to stop the extent of polarity in such covalent molecules can be described by the term dipole moment.   Dipole  moment can be defined as the product of the magnitude of the charge and the distance separation between the charges.                It  is represented by the Greek 'letter m'. Mathematically it is equal to dipole moment (m)= charge (e) × distance of separation(d).       It is expressed in the units of Debye and written as D.                  (1 Debye = 1 ×  10 -18  e.s.u-cm). Dipole moment is a vecto...

Bohr's Model of Hydrogen Atom

Bohr's Model of Hydrogen Atom:-  Bohr's atomic model:   In order to explain the stability of an atom, Neils bohr give a new arrangement of electrons in the atom in 1913. According to Neils bohr,the electrons revolve around the nucleus in the only 'certain orbits' (energy level), each Orbit having a different radius.    When an electron is revolving in a particular Orbit or particular energy level around the nucleus, the electron does not radiate energy (loss energy even through it has accelerated motion around the nucleus. Niels Bohs proposed an  atomic model, describing an atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the positively charged nucleus as planet around in the sun in our solar system,  with attraction provided by electrostatic force, popularly known as Bohr's atomic model.It was basically an improved vision of Rutherford's  atomic model overcoming its limitations.On mos...