Dipole moments & its Application:-
It is represented by the Greek 'letter m'. Mathematically it is equal to dipole moment (m)= charge (e) × distance of separation(d).
It is expressed in the units of Debye and written as D.
(1 Debye = 1 × 10-18 e.s.u-cm).
Dipole moment is a vector quantity and it is represented by a small arrow with tall at the positive centre and head pointing towards a negative centre.
For example, the dipole moment of HCl molecule is 1.03 D and that of H2O is 1.84 D.
Dipole Moment and Molecular structure :-
(A) Diatomic molecules : A diatomic molecules has two atoms bonded to each other by a covalent bond. In such a molecule, the dipole moment of the bond gives the dipole moment of the molecule. Thus, a diatomic molecule is polar if the bond formed between the atoms is polar.Greater the electronegativity difference between the atoms, more will be the dipole moment.
The dipole moment of hydrogen halides decrease with increasing electronegativity of halogen atom.
(B) Polyatomic molecules: In polyatomic molecules the dipole moment not depend upon the individual dipole moment of the bonds but also on the spatial arrangement of the various bonds in the molecule. In such molecules the dipole moment of the molecules is the vector sum of the dipole moments of various bonds.
Application of Dipole Moment :-
1. Distinction between Polar and Non-Polar Molecules:
The molecules having dipole moment are called polar molecules whereas molecules having zero dipole moment are said to be non polar molecules.
2. Ionic character in a molecule:
Dipole movement gives an idea about the ionic character in a bond or a molecule.
3.Shape of molecules :
The value of dipole moment helps to predict the shape of the molecules.
Importance of dipole moment:-
Dipole movement plays very important role in understanding the nature of chemical bonds.
Importance of dipole moment and problems :-
The measurement of dipole moment help in distinguishing between polar and nonpolar molecules. Non polar molecules have zero dipole moment while polar molecule have some values of dipole moment.
▪ Dipole moment measuring gives an idea about the degree of polarity in a diatomic molecules. The greater the dipole moment the greater is the polarity in such a molecule.
▪ It is possible to predict the nature of chemical bond form depending upon the electronegativities of atom involved in a molecule the bond will be highly polar.If the electronegativity of two atom is large.
▪ Dipole moment is used to find the shapes of molecule please stop this is because the dipole moment not only depends upon the individual dipole moment of the bonds but also on the arrangement of bonds.
Dipole moments: Molecules having two equal and opposite charges separated by certain distance are set to prossess and electric dipole. In the case of such polar molecules, the centre of negative charge does not coincide with the centre of positive charge to stop the extent of polarity in such covalent molecules can be described by the term dipole moment.
Dipole moment can be defined as the product of the magnitude of the charge and the distance separation between the charges.It is represented by the Greek 'letter m'. Mathematically it is equal to dipole moment (m)= charge (e) × distance of separation(d).
It is expressed in the units of Debye and written as D.
(1 Debye = 1 × 10-18 e.s.u-cm).
Dipole moment is a vector quantity and it is represented by a small arrow with tall at the positive centre and head pointing towards a negative centre.
For example, the dipole moment of HCl molecule is 1.03 D and that of H2O is 1.84 D.
Dipole Moment and Molecular structure :-
(A) Diatomic molecules : A diatomic molecules has two atoms bonded to each other by a covalent bond. In such a molecule, the dipole moment of the bond gives the dipole moment of the molecule. Thus, a diatomic molecule is polar if the bond formed between the atoms is polar.Greater the electronegativity difference between the atoms, more will be the dipole moment.
The dipole moment of hydrogen halides decrease with increasing electronegativity of halogen atom.
(B) Polyatomic molecules: In polyatomic molecules the dipole moment not depend upon the individual dipole moment of the bonds but also on the spatial arrangement of the various bonds in the molecule. In such molecules the dipole moment of the molecules is the vector sum of the dipole moments of various bonds.
Application of Dipole Moment :-
1. Distinction between Polar and Non-Polar Molecules:
The molecules having dipole moment are called polar molecules whereas molecules having zero dipole moment are said to be non polar molecules.
2. Ionic character in a molecule:
Dipole movement gives an idea about the ionic character in a bond or a molecule.
3.Shape of molecules :
The value of dipole moment helps to predict the shape of the molecules.
Importance of dipole moment:-
Dipole movement plays very important role in understanding the nature of chemical bonds.
Importance of dipole moment and problems :-
The measurement of dipole moment help in distinguishing between polar and nonpolar molecules. Non polar molecules have zero dipole moment while polar molecule have some values of dipole moment.
▪ Dipole moment measuring gives an idea about the degree of polarity in a diatomic molecules. The greater the dipole moment the greater is the polarity in such a molecule.
▪ It is possible to predict the nature of chemical bond form depending upon the electronegativities of atom involved in a molecule the bond will be highly polar.If the electronegativity of two atom is large.
▪ Dipole moment is used to find the shapes of molecule please stop this is because the dipole moment not only depends upon the individual dipole moment of the bonds but also on the arrangement of bonds.
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