Nucleic Acids:-
ucleic acids are the information molecules of cells. The most famous nucleic acid is undoubtedly deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
DNA contains genetic code, all the messages that determine traits. Another type of nucleic acids, ribonucleic acid, or RNA is less well known but also important to cells.
Nucleic Acid Definition:
Nucleic acids are essential large biological molecules for all forms of life. The nucleic acids include the DNA and the RNA. They are the hereditary determinants of living organisms. They are present in most living cells either in free state or bound to proteins as nucleoproteins. The nucleic acids are biopolymers with mononucleotides and their repeating units. The monomers are know as nucleotides, they are made up of three units: a sugar, an amine and phosphate group.
History:
In 1869, Friedrich Miescher isolated nuclei from pus cell and found that they conatined phosphate-rich substance,he named is nuclein.
In 1899,Altmann, introduced the term nuclei acid. Fischer in the 1880s, discovered purine and pyrimidine bases nucleic acids. Zacharis in the year 1881,identified nuclein with chromatin. In 1884, Hertwig claimed that nuclein is responsible for transmission of hereditary characters. In 1953, James D. Watson and Francis H.C. Crick constructed that double helical model for the DNA molecule.
Nucleic Acids:
Nucleic acids are large organic compounds found in the chromosomes of living cells and viruses. They are strong acids found in the nucleus of the cells. The nucleic acid polymers are with high molecular weight as high as 100,000,000 grams per mole. With proteins, nucleic acids are most important biological macromolecules. They are found in abundance in all living cells.
Structure of nucleotide:
Properties of Nucleic Acids:
● Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are long polymera made of repeating units of nucleotides.
● Nucleotide units are made of phosphate-sugar-nitrogenous base units.
● In RNA, the thymine bases is replaced by uracil which is also a pyrimidine.
● The nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.
● The nucleotides are linked with phosphodiester bonds.
Types of Nucleic Acids:
Nucleic acids are of two types DNA and RNA.
[A] DNA(deoxyribonucleic acis):-
■ DNA is one of the macromolecules, they are essential to all living forms.
■ DNA contains the genetic information,it is used in the development and functioning of all living organisms.
■ The DNA segments carry genetic information are called the genes.
■ DNA are made of two chains of polymer units of nucleotides.
■ Inside the cell, the DNA are arranged in long structures called chromosomes.
■ The prokaryotes store the DNA in the cytoplasm.
[B] RNA (Ribonucleic Acid):-
■ RNA directs synthesis of proteins.
■ In some viruses,RNA contains the genetic information.
■ RNA is of three types, they are-
a. t-RNA
b. m-RNA
c. r-RNA
■ m-RNA takes genetic message from RNA.
■t-RNA transfer activated amino acid, to the site of protein synthesis.
■r-RNA are mostly present in the ribosomes, and respinsible for stability of m-RNA.
ucleic acids are the information molecules of cells. The most famous nucleic acid is undoubtedly deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
DNA contains genetic code, all the messages that determine traits. Another type of nucleic acids, ribonucleic acid, or RNA is less well known but also important to cells.
Nucleic Acid Definition:
Nucleic acids are essential large biological molecules for all forms of life. The nucleic acids include the DNA and the RNA. They are the hereditary determinants of living organisms. They are present in most living cells either in free state or bound to proteins as nucleoproteins. The nucleic acids are biopolymers with mononucleotides and their repeating units. The monomers are know as nucleotides, they are made up of three units: a sugar, an amine and phosphate group.
History:
In 1869, Friedrich Miescher isolated nuclei from pus cell and found that they conatined phosphate-rich substance,he named is nuclein.
In 1899,Altmann, introduced the term nuclei acid. Fischer in the 1880s, discovered purine and pyrimidine bases nucleic acids. Zacharis in the year 1881,identified nuclein with chromatin. In 1884, Hertwig claimed that nuclein is responsible for transmission of hereditary characters. In 1953, James D. Watson and Francis H.C. Crick constructed that double helical model for the DNA molecule.
Nucleic Acids:
Nucleic acids are large organic compounds found in the chromosomes of living cells and viruses. They are strong acids found in the nucleus of the cells. The nucleic acid polymers are with high molecular weight as high as 100,000,000 grams per mole. With proteins, nucleic acids are most important biological macromolecules. They are found in abundance in all living cells.
Structure of nucleotide:
Properties of Nucleic Acids:
● Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are long polymera made of repeating units of nucleotides.
● Nucleotide units are made of phosphate-sugar-nitrogenous base units.
● In RNA, the thymine bases is replaced by uracil which is also a pyrimidine.
● The nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.
● The nucleotides are linked with phosphodiester bonds.
Types of Nucleic Acids:
Nucleic acids are of two types DNA and RNA.
■ DNA is one of the macromolecules, they are essential to all living forms.
■ DNA contains the genetic information,it is used in the development and functioning of all living organisms.
■ The DNA segments carry genetic information are called the genes.
■ DNA are made of two chains of polymer units of nucleotides.
■ Inside the cell, the DNA are arranged in long structures called chromosomes.
■ The prokaryotes store the DNA in the cytoplasm.
[B] RNA (Ribonucleic Acid):-
■ RNA directs synthesis of proteins.
■ In some viruses,RNA contains the genetic information.
■ RNA is of three types, they are-
a. t-RNA
b. m-RNA
c. r-RNA
■ m-RNA takes genetic message from RNA.
■t-RNA transfer activated amino acid, to the site of protein synthesis.
■r-RNA are mostly present in the ribosomes, and respinsible for stability of m-RNA.
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